The course of the war reveals a fundamental paradox: while none of the principal actors appears capable of achieving a decisive victory, all retain sufficient capacity to obstruct a stable resolution.

For Tehran, the Zangezur Corridor thus represents less a binary choice between obstruction and acquiescence than a test of its ability to align strategic red lines with policy innovation.

Since it is essential for France to neutralize its rival China in Iraq, limiting the China-Iran cooperation in the country and integrating Iran into the international community have been the main agenda of the meeting.

Iran’s harsh statements against Türkiye's potential operation in Syria are damaging the trust between the two countries rather than being a deterrent for Türkiye.

Even though Tehran supports Türkiye’s fight against the terrorist organization PKK on the official level, it makes different engagements in practice.

Due to its national interests, Türkiye remains at an equal distance from two critical states of the Middle East, Saudi Arabia and Iran.

Consequently, Türkiye utilized its balancing impact in favor of Iran in the Maximum Pressure policy era, may facilitate that influence to contain Iran’s adventurism under the new conditions.

French ambitions in Iraq present various indicators towards a geopolitical balance of power and economic gains.

The divided Gulf region is witnessing new shifts in its approaches towards Türkiye and Iran with the emergence of post-COVID-19 economic implications and a weaker US military presence.