Badakhshan, due to its mountainous and impassable nature, has a high potential for the gathering of groups that are considered a serious threat to Tajikistan and other countries in the region.

Iran considers the isolation of Russia by the West due to the Ukraine War as a crucial opportunity to improve relations.

Iran-Russia cooperation in banking and finance within the framework of Russian financial systems will provide an opportunity to bypass Western sanctions against the two countries.

Even though Tehran supports Türkiye’s fight against the terrorist organization PKK on the official level, it makes different engagements in practice.

While NATO’s new Strategic Concept is marginalizing Russia and Iran, these two countries have participated in the Caspian Summit in order to turn their geopolitical position to an advantage against the pressure.

Issues related to the Vienna talks and the desire to take advantage of the Russia crisis brought Iran and Qatar together. However, that may be a problem for Russia.

Raisi considers the steps towards the East as a strategic achievement for the country's foreign policy, while opponents criticize Iran's potential dependency on Moscow and Beijing.

Given the reality of the world political economy and the member states' competing agendas, membership in the SCO will not significantly benefit Iran in the international system.

Russian media attacks on Assad could be considered as an indication of the distrust of Moscow towards the regime. But these attacks do not mean that Putin would stop supporting Assad in the near future.

Through changing their Syrian policy, the Saudi Arabia-the UAE-Egypt trio has sided against Turkey.

Aware that Soleimani is irreplaceable as a commander, Khamenei tries to form a new conception of command.