Additional supplies from alternative countries like Iran, as well as the length of time required for Russian oil replacement, will be the factor reducing uncertainty upon the oil market.

Iranian civil aviation continues to generate profits but is far from thriving due to the sanctions.

Iran will continue evading sanctions as long as it does not have other viable options to further its interests.

The public discourse is powerful and it is the place where leaders in the Caracas and Tehran can criticize, demonize, and criminalize the actions imposed by the United States.

These sanctions could pose serious obstacles to foreign travel, participation in international conferences, and the signing of international agreements of the individuals who are on the list of sanctions.

With U.S. President Donald Trump’s unilateral withdrawal from the nuclear deal signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in May 2018, Iran’s nuclear activities have moved to the top of the international agenda again.

The assumption that Trump will never risk a war seems to be the main detriment of Iran’s counter strategy. But, this is a great gamble.

Ankara is also particularly concerned with the straining US-Iran relations and the comprehensive economic sanctions.

With the US withdrawal from the JCPOA, it seems that all paths to the survival of this agreement lead to Brussels.