The war that began on 28 February has transformed the Iranian nuclear threat in Saudi strategic thinking from a hypothetical scenario into a concrete, long-term security challenge, reinforcing Riyadh’s view of nuclear capabilities as an instrument of strategic balancing and national security.

Iran’s decision to suspend cooperation with the IAEA represents a high-stakes gambit – an attempt to enhance deterrence without formally exiting the NPT.

Tehran seeks an exit from a potential crisis with the U.S., while Israel pushes preemptive options to guarantee its safety

China and Russia, the influential powers in the SCO, have abandoned their reservations in their relations with Iran in recent years and established a more comprehensive relationship.

Iran-Russia cooperation in banking and finance within the framework of Russian financial systems will provide an opportunity to bypass Western sanctions against the two countries.

Even though Tehran supports Türkiye’s fight against the terrorist organization PKK on the official level, it makes different engagements in practice.

The negotiations, which lasted for two days in Doha, were inconclusive. The parties blame each other for the failure in question.

While NATO’s new Strategic Concept is marginalizing Russia and Iran, these two countries have participated in the Caspian Summit in order to turn their geopolitical position to an advantage against the pressure.

Due to its national interests, Türkiye remains at an equal distance from two critical states of the Middle East, Saudi Arabia and Iran.